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MIND YOUR LIVER. IT NEEDS YOU. ™

Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis is the result of long-term liver damage where healthy liver cells are replaced by scar tissue. It develops slowly over time, often without symptoms, until the liver’s ability to function is seriously reduced.

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What is cirrhosis?

Advanced scarring from long-term liver damage

Cirrhosis happens when the liver has been damaged over time and starts forming scar tissue (fibrosis). This scarring can affect how well the liver works and how blood flows through it.

A serious stage of chronic liver disease

Cirrhosis is not a disease on its own—it’s the later stage of liver damage caused by conditions like alcohol-related liver disease, fatty liver disease (MASLD), hepatitis B or C, and autoimmune liver diseases.

Progresses quietly at first

In many people, cirrhosis develops with no early signs. As the damage builds, symptoms can appear and complications may become more likely.

Often diagnosed after years of liver stress

Most people don’t realize they have cirrhosis until years of liver injury have already occurred. Early detection and treatment of the cause is key to slowing or stopping further damage.

This page is educational. It’s not a substitute for medical care. If you’re worried about your liver or have symptoms, talk to your provider. You deserve real answers and support.

What is cirrhosis?

1. It silently damages your body

Cirrhosis often progresses without obvious symptoms until it’s advanced. By the time signs appear—like jaundice or swelling—significant, often irreversible, liver damage has already occurred.

2. It disrupts how your body functions

Cirrhosis is not a disease on its own—it’s the later stage of liver damage caused by conditions like alcohol-related liver disease, fatty liver disease (MASLD), hepatitis B or C, and autoimmune liver diseases.

3. It raises your risk of life-threatening complications

Cirrhosis increases the chance of developing severe complications like:

  • Internal bleeding (especially from enlarged veins)

  • Fluid buildup in the abdomen (ascites)

  • Severe infections

  • Liver cancer (HCC)

  • Brain fog or confusion due to toxin buildup (hepatic encephalopathy)

4. It can lead to complete liver failure

If cirrhosis continues unchecked, the liver can stop working entirely. This stage—known as end-stage liver disease—can be fatal without a liver transplant.

How do you get it?

From repeated damage to the liver over time

Cirrhosis develops when your liver is under constant stress or injury. The liver tries to repair itself, but repeated damage causes scarring that builds up.

Most common causes include:

  • Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD): Long-term heavy drinking is a major cause.

  • Fatty liver disease (MASLD): A buildup of fat in the liver from metabolic issues like insulin resistance.

  • Chronic viral hepatitis (B or C): These infections slowly damage the liver over time.

  • Autoimmune liver conditions: The immune system attacks liver cells and causes inflammation and damage.

  • Genetic and inherited diseases: Conditions like hemochromatosis (iron overload) can lead to cirrhosis if untreated.

Risk builds over time

The more severe and prolonged the injury, the more likely it is for scar tissue to form and lead to cirrhosis.

How do you know if you have cirrhosis?

It often starts silently

Many people don’t know they have cirrhosis until the damage is advanced. Early stages may have no symptoms at all.

Possible signs include:

  • Fatigue or weakness
  • Loss of appetite or nausea
  • Itchy skin or easy bruising
  • Swelling in the legs or belly (fluid retention)
  • Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
  • Brain fog or confusion (a sign of serious liver impact)

You’ll need medical testing

Cirrhosis can’t be confirmed just by how you feel. Bloodwork, imaging (like ultrasound or FibroScan), and sometimes a liver biopsy are used to diagnose and assess the severity.

Pay attention to warning signs

Even mild symptoms matter. If something feels off—especially if you’ve had liver risks—get checked.

How cirrhosis affects your liver

1. Healthy liver tissue is replaced with scar tissue

Many people don’t know they have cirrhosis until the damage is advanced. Early stages may have no symptoms at all.

2. The liver struggles to filter toxins

As cirrhosis worsens, the liver can’t clean your blood properly. This leads to toxins building up in your body, which can cause confusion, memory problems, and in severe cases, coma (hepatic encephalopathy).

3. It blocks nutrient and hormone processing

The liver normally stores vitamins, processes nutrients, and helps manage hormones. With cirrhosis, all of these processes are disrupted. This can lead to weight loss, hormone imbalances, and weakened immune function.

4. It throws off your entire circulation

Cirrhosis raises pressure in the vein that carries blood through the liver (called portal hypertension). This can lead to:

  • Enlarged veins (varices) that can rupture and bleed

  • Fluid buildup in the belly (ascites)

  • Less blood flow to vital organs

How to prevent cirrhosis

1. Mind your alcohol use

One of the most common causes of cirrhosis is long-term alcohol misuse. If you drink, do it in moderation, or reconsider altogether. Giving your liver regular breaks can prevent years of hidden damage.

2. Catch liver problems early

Hepatitis, fatty liver, and other silent conditions can lead to cirrhosis if ignored. Regular checkups, routine liver tests, and acting fast on symptoms like fatigue or bloating can make a major difference.

3. Protect your liver from toxins

Some over-the-counter medications, supplements, and street drugs can be toxic to the liver in high doses or over time. Only take what’s prescribed, avoid combining substances, and talk to your doctor about liver-safe options.

4. Prioritize metabolic and gut health

Obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic gut inflammation all increase liver strain. Support your liver with balanced meals, regular movement, stress management, and limiting ultra-processed foods.

Early Symptoms
  • Feeling tired all the time

  • Nausea or poor appetite

  • Weight loss or muscle wasting

  • Mild upper right abdominal pain

  • Jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes)
  • Fluid buildup in the belly (ascites)
  • Confusion or foggy brain (hepatic encephalopathy)
  • Swelling in legs or feet
  • Itchy skin or bruising easily

References

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